Hip Dysplasia

Hip dysplasia, also known as acetabular dysplasia, occurs when the hip joint doesn't develop normally. In a healthy hip, the ball-shaped top of the femur fits securely into the curved socket of the pelvis. However, in individuals with dysplasia, the socket is often shallow and does not adequately support the femoral head. This misalignment increases joint instability, leading to pain, cartilage wear, and potentially early-onset arthritis.

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Hip dysplasia is usually present at birth or early childhood, a condition referred to as developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). While DDH can often be detected in infancy, some cases go unnoticed until adolescence when symptoms such as pain or limited mobility arise.

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What Causes Hip Dysplasia?

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Hip dysplasia may develop due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors, including:

• Shallow hip sockets

• Ligamentous laxity (loose ligaments)

• Excessive hip internal rotation or femoral torsion

• Congenital abnormalities

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When Is Surgery Needed for Hip Dysplasia?

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Surgery may be recommended when conservative treatments, such as activity modification, physical therapy, or injections, fail to relieve significant pain, or when there is minor damage to cartilage in the joint.

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One common surgical approach is osteotomy, where the bone and socket are reshaped to achieve a normal joint alignment. Factors influencing the type of surgery include:

• Patient’s age

• Presence of osteoarthritis

• Severity of dysplasia

• Labral damage

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Surgical Treatment Options for Hip Dysplasia

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Hip Arthroscopy

A minimally invasive procedure to repair labral tears, remove damaged cartilage, and address joint inflammation.

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Periacetabular Osteotomy (PAO)

A highly specialized procedure to reposition the hip socket for better femoral head coverage. PAO is particularly effective in preserving the natural hip joint and preventing further damage.

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A Combined Approach: Hip Arthroscopy and Periacetabular Osteotomy (PAO)

For patients with complex hip conditions such as dysplasia, a combined surgical approach utilizing hip arthroscopy and periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) can provide comprehensive treatment.

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Why a Combined Approach?

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The sequential use of arthroscopy and PAO allows surgeons to address all aspects of hip instability and dysfunction in one comprehensive plan:

• Arthroscopy treats labral and cartilage issues to improve joint health.

• PAO corrects the structural alignment, ensuring the hip functions optimally long-term.

This dual approach maximizes the potential for pain relief, joint preservation, and a successful recovery.

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Recovery and Rehabilitation

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Recovery from hip dysplasia surgery typically involves:

• Hospital Stay: Patients may remain in the hospital for 2–4 days for pain management and monitoring.

• Weight-Bearing Restrictions: Full weight-bearing is often restricted for 6–12 weeks post-surgery to allow proper bone healing. Mobility aids like crutches are essential during this period.

• Physical Therapy: Begins once x-rays confirm adequate healing. Physical therapy helps restore strength, flexibility, and range of motion.

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What Is the Recovery Timeline?

• Early Recovery: Patients use crutches to remain mobile without bearing weight. Pain and swelling are managed through medication and elevation.

• 6–12 Weeks Post-Surgery: Gradual weight-bearing begins under the guidance of the surgeon. Physical therapy focuses on improving joint mobility and strength.

• Full Recovery: Patients often regain mobility and return to normal activities within 6–12 months.

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How Successful Is Hip Dysplasia Surgery?

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Hip dysplasia surgery has a high success rate, significantly reducing pain and improving joint function for most patients. However, in rare cases, if osteoarthritis is present or the surgery does not yield the desired outcomes, an artificial hip joint may eventually be required.

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Orthopedic specialists carefully monitor recovery progress to ensure optimal results and reduce the likelihood of further invasive procedures.

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A Path to Pain-Free Living

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With advancements in surgical techniques like PAO and hip arthroscopy, patients now have more effective options for treating hip dysplasia. At HipPreservation.org, we’re committed to guiding you through diagnosis, treatment, and recovery, ensuring the best possible outcome for restoring mobility and comfort.